The 3-Fund Secret to Retire Rich

How Jack Bogle changed investing forever

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Dear Investor,

The Man Who Made Retirement Simple

I’ve spent years studying the best investors of all time, and very few shaped the way everyday people invest for retirement quite like Jack Bogle. While many investors were chasing hot stocks and trying to beat the market, Bogle focused on a radically different idea: own the market instead.

By creating the first index fund for individual investors, he made it possible for millions of people to build wealth without needing to time the market or pick winning stocks.

Bogle’s approach was grounded in three simple ideas: keep costs low, diversify broadly, and invest for the long haul. That philosophy gave rise to what is now known as the “three-fund portfolio,” a simple yet powerful retirement strategy centered on total market index funds.

And while the financial world has changed dramatically over the years, Bogle’s principles remain as effective today as they were when he first launched the Vanguard 500 Index Fund in 1976.

In this edition of Wealth Wednesday, I’ll walk you through Bogle’s investing philosophy, the logic behind the three-fund portfolio, and why his ideas continue to stand the test of time.

Who Was Jack Bogle?

John “Jack” Bogle was the founder of Vanguard and the father of index fund investing. But more than that, he was an investor who truly believed in helping everyday people build long-term wealth through cost-effective and straightforward strategies.

While Wall Street was focused on complex products, short-term trading, and high fees, Bogle had a different vision. He believed most mutual fund managers couldn’t consistently beat the market over time, so instead of trying to outsmart the system, he encouraged investors to own the entire market through index funds.

When he launched the first index mutual fund for retail investors in 1976, many people thought it was a joke.

It was even called “Bogle’s Folly” by critics. However, over the years, it has proven to be one of the most essential innovations in the investment world. Index funds have now grown into a multi-trillion-dollar industry, and the concept that Bogle pushed forward has helped millions of people retire more comfortably.

Bogle didn’t care about headlines, flashy stock picks, or chasing trends. He focused on compounding, reducing costs, and staying invested for the long haul. He was never afraid to say what most of the financial world wouldn’t.

In his view, lower fees and long-term simplicity were the most powerful tools available to the average investor. And in many ways, time has proven him right.

The 3-Fund Portfolio

One of the most potent strategies Jack Bogle popularized was so simple that many investors overlook it.

It’s called the 3-fund portfolio.

At its core, this strategy is about owning the entire market through just three low-cost Vanguard index funds:

  1. A U.S. total stock market index fund

    • Example: Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund (VTSAX or ETF version VTI)

    • What you get: Exposure to over 3,500 U.S. companies across all sizes and sectors. That includes the giants like Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Nvidia, and even smaller firms you’ve never heard of.

    • Why it matters: You’re betting on the long-term growth of the U.S. economy, without trying to pick winners.

  2. An international stock market index fund

    • Example: Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund (VTIAX or ETF version VXUS)

    • What you get: Ownership in 7,000+ companies outside the U.S., including names like Nestlé (Switzerland), Samsung (South Korea), Toyota (Japan), and ASML (Netherlands).

    • Why it matters: The U.S. doesn’t own all the future. Adding international stocks gives your portfolio true global diversification. You’re investing in the global economy, not just Wall Street.

  3. A U.S. total bond market index fund

    • Example: Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund (VBTLX or ETF version BND)

    • What you get: A mix of U.S. government bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and high-quality corporate debt.

    • Why it matters: Bonds add safety and predictability. They smooth out the ride when stocks get rocky and become increasingly important as you near retirement.

The real power of this strategy is in its simplicity.

You don’t need to guess which sector will outperform next year or jump in and out of the market. You’re investing in everything, all at once.

Even better? You can tailor the allocation based on your risk tolerance or age:

  • In your 20s or 30s: You might go 90% stocks (60% U.S., 30% international) and 10% bonds.

  • In your 50s or 60s: You might shift to 60% stocks and 40% bonds.

  • In retirement: You may prioritize income and capital preservation, with a heavier bond allocation.

It’s boring. It’s predictable. And that’s precisely why it works.

Why Bogle’s Philosophy Still Wins

In a world obsessed with beating the market, Bogle’s message feels like a quiet rebellion.

He didn’t believe in chasing trends or timing the perfect entry. He believed in owning the market at the lowest possible cost, holding it for the long term, and letting compounding do its job.

It’s a strategy that requires patience and discipline. But it works. Over time, most actively managed funds tend to underperform index funds, especially after accounting for fees. Meanwhile, the simplicity of Bogle’s approach prevents investors from making emotional mistakes, such as panic-selling during a crash or jumping into hyped stocks at their peak.

That’s the brilliance of it. No complicated formulas or constant portfolio tinkering. Just a steady, boring plan that quietly builds wealth in the background.

For anyone trying to retire with confidence, it’s hard to beat what Jack Bogle gave us.

He didn’t just create index funds.

He gave the everyday investor a shot.

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See you on Sunday!

Matt Allen

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